Urbanization and Resilience Program

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This study of gender based insecurity in Addis Ababa found that women and girls are vulnerable in public and private spaces at any time to assault and harassment, though they are at greater risk for physical violence, including rape, at night. They sacrifice time, money, education, socializing, and their mental health to mitigate the risks they face moving around their community and the city.

Introduction: Urbanization has challenged many humanitarian practices given the complexity of cities. Urban humanitarian crises have similarly made identifying vulnerable populations difficult. As humanitarians respond to cities with chronic deficiencies in basic needs stressed by a crisis, identifying and prioritizing the most in need populations with finite resources is critical.

Methods: The full systematic review applied standard systematic review methodology that was described in detail, peer-reviewed, and published before the research was conducted.

This background note is part of the United Nations University project on Resilience and the Fragile City and is meant to complement the paper ‘Conceptualizing City Fragility and Resilience’ (de Boer, Muggah, Patel 2016) which formally presents the fragile and resilient cities assessment framework.

This 
study 
seeks 
to 
offer 
a 
practical 
examination 
of 
resilience 
in 
complex 
urban 
landscapes
 for
 the 
academic 
community 
and 
humanitarian 
actors 
at 
the 
local 
and
international 
levels.
 Distrito
 de
 Aguablanca
 (Cali,
 Colombia),
 a
 complex
 settlement
 area
 with
 some
 600,000
 residents,
 functions 
as 
a 
case 
study in 
human
 security 
and
resilience 
that 
can 
inform 
public
 policy
 and
 community
 level
 decision
 making
 in
 especially
 difficult
 humanitarian
 environments,
 with
 sociopolitical
 volatility,
 large
 populations
 of
 internally
 displaced


As rapid urbanization creates complex environments that concentrate the risks and hazards of man-made and natural disasters, it also presents a vital advantage that must be exploited. Urban humanitarian emergencies by their very nature occur within the geo-political sphere of a governing body, the municipal government, and as such they are the responsibility of that body. It is the duty of the municipal governments to prevent and prepare for and respoond to humanitarian emergencies that may affect their citizens.

This study evaluated the health impact of a public private partnership using microfinance to upgrade slum infrastructure in Ahmedabad, India. The authors show a statistically significant reduction in waterborne illness as a result of the intervention and point to further unmeasured benefits from the upgrade. This is an example of the data driven projects HHI is conducting to lend evidence with operational research on interventions.

Reference: Soc Sci Med. 2010 Sep;71(5):935-40.